Brock University Digital Repository: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1-20 of 15568
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Consumer Response to Proactive and Reactive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Contributions in the Environmental and Social DomainsCompanies deploy proactive strategies to demonstrate their prosocial corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement. Conversely, they may pursue reactive strategies to manage any social or environmental crises created by them. This study investigated the effects of proactive and reactive CSR, the moderating role of CSR domains, and the mediating role of consumer attribution on consumer responses. Using three experimental studies, this research found that proactive CSR leads to positive consumer attributions and favourable consumer responses compared to reactive CSR. Moreover, the CSR domain positively moderates the effects of CSR contribution on consumer responses and consumer attributions where proactive CSR in environmental domain than social domain generates more value- and strategic-driven motives and influence consumers’ favourable behavioural intentions. On the other hand, reactive CSR in the environmental domain diminishes favourable consumer reactions towards the firm and is perceived as less altruistic. Similarly, reactive CSR under social domain engenders egoistic motives. Furthermore, CSR domain moderates the mediation mechanism that indirectly links the CSR contribution and consumer response through consumer attributions. The study also discusses implications for practitioners and directions for future research.
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Raman Spectroscopy of pure and (Nb+In) co-doped TiO2 single crystalsThis research project focused on the study of pure TiO2 rutile crystals and rutile crystals that were 2% co doped with Niobium and Indium TiO2 (2-NITO). There has been a growing interest in co-doped TiO2 due to recent papers published on its “colossal permittivity” in the lower frequency range of 10^2 to 10^6 Hz. The goal of this study was to analyze the impact of co-doping on the Raman modes by using Raman spectroscopy. To determine the Raman shift and Half width at half max from the raman data, the Lorentz fit analysis was applied.
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Discourses of Social Inclusion in Sport and Recreation in Rural OntarioThe benefits and challenges of participating in sport and recreation as a new Canadian are well documented in the existing literature, however, they are typically considered in an urban context. More specifically, a gap exists regarding how sport and recreation practitioners and managers understand social inclusion work in sport and recreation and the impact these understandings may have on newcomer populations who are living in rural and other non-metropolitan communities. The purpose of this study was to gain a more in-depth understanding of how social inclusion is understood in both sport and recreation practice and policy. Further, I sought to critically examine discourses of Whiteness in programming and policy in rural settings. Therefore, in this research, I explored two questions: 1) How do sport and recreation practitioners and managers understand social inclusion in and through sport and recreation in their rural communities? and 2) How do discourses of community and inclusion impact the way sport and recreation practitioners and managers define and understand social inclusion? An instrumental case study methodology was used to explore these questions in a region of Northern Ontario (including Nipissing and Sudbury Districts) and both semi-structured interviews and document analysis were conducted to collect data. A critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used for this research which helped to highlight how discourse functions to construct and transmit knowledge, and the ways this organizes and maintains social institutions (Fairclough 2001; Mogashoa, 2014). I drew from Critical Whiteness theory (CWT) to better understand how discourses of Whiteness are produced and maintained in sport and recreation. The analysis identified three discourses related to social inclusion in sport and recreation: We’re all in this together; ‘They’ aren’t from here; and Whose responsibility is it?. This research highlights how discourses of colourblindness, “othering” of diverse populations, and ambiguity of responsibility for social inclusion work may inform practice and underpin systems of Whiteness in sport and recreation. Additionally, it is important to consider how policies, practices, and understandings of social inclusion work in sport and recreation settings are translated throughout and between organizations.
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Stepping away from pharmaceutical therapies: Exercise and supplementation with fermented red clover extract as alternative strategies to promote vascular health in postmenopausal womenCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Both aging and menopause, associated with the cessation of endogenous estrogen production, are key factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in women. Over the last few decades, an interest in alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions for promoting and/or rescuing cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women has emerged, where both exercise and phytoestrogen supplementation have been deemed effective candidates. However, due to the paucity of intervention studies in postmenopausal women, knowledge gaps remain in these strategies that need to be elucidated in the context of vascular health. This dissertation aims to answer three main questions that will refine the scientific community’s understanding of alternative interventions for vascular health in postmenopausal women: (1) Can exercise training work synergistically with in-vitro dual anti-platelet therapy to improve platelet function, as determined by basal platelet reactivity and prostacyclin sensitivity (Chapter 4)? (2) Does the timing of the initiation of exercise training after menopause affect the degree of vascular adaptations and thrombotic risk profile (Chapters 5 and 6)? (3) Can short-term supplementation with the novel phytoestrogen fermented red clover extract improve markers of vascular inflammation (Chapter 7)? Together, the findings from this dissertation highlight that exercise and fermented red clover extract are effective alternative strategies to improving vascular health in postmenopausal women. Specifically, exercise training improves platelet function and sensitivity and can work synergistically with in-vitro dual anti-platelet therapy (Chapter 4). In addition, short-term supplementation with fermented red clover extract improves the vascular inflammatory profile in recently postmenopausal women (Chapter 7). However, the timing of exercise training after menopause may influence the magnitude of thrombogenic adaptations, as recently postmenopausal women experience more robust thrombogenic benefits than women who are a greater number of years postmenopausal (i.e., late postmenopausal women) (Chapter 5 and 6).
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The Effects of Heat and Cold on Cognitive Function and Endurance CapacityThe maintenance of mental and physical function in hot and cold environments is more challenging compared to thermoneutral environments due to increases systemic physiological and psychological strain. The mechanism for impairments in both cognitive and physical function may be due to early perturbations in whole-body heat balance where the change in skin temperature (even before measurable changes in core temperature) impair performance, followed by greater impairments with changes in core temperature. However, the separate and combined effects of changes in skin and core temperature over a range of cognitive functions and exercise require further elucidation. Therefore, this dissertation tested cognitive function (psychomotor processing, working memory, and executive function) and endurance capacity (at 70% of peak power output) over a range of skin and core temperatures and thermal conditions. Chapter 4 investigates the effects of whole-body skin and core warming (hyperthermia) on cognitive function. In addition, the pharmacological drug, methylphenidate (20 mg, dopamine re-uptake inhibitor) was used as it may improve physiological and psychological strain during heat stress. Chapter 5 built upon Chapter 4 by testing the effects of whole-body skin and core cooling (mild hypothermia) on cognitive function. Chapter 6 extended the findings of Chapter 5 by testing the effects of whole-body skin and core cooling on endurance capacity, to potentially see a cognitive-physical performance interaction. Collectively, we found that neither changes in skin temperature (Range: ∆-6 to +4.5°C), without changes in core temperature, nor manipulation of core temperature (Range: ∆-0.8 to +1.5°C) significantly impaired cognitive function in hot or cold environments (Chapters 4 & 5). Furthermore, methylphenidate did not enhance cognitive function. Whereas, endurance capacity was significantly influenced by cold stress, where cooling the skin/outer shell impaired performance by 32%, while core cooling of ∆-0.5C and ∆-1.0C from baseline temperature further impaired performance by 61% and 71% respectively. There were no differences between the two core cooling conditions. Collectively, this research program demonstrates the capacity to maintain cognitive function, but not physical capacity under thermal strain. From a practical standpoint, interventions should focus to minimize cold strain to prevent declines in physical capacity under cold conditions.
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Exploring the Role of Internships in Personal and Professional DevelopmentInternships serve as an instrumental tool in many sport management students’ trajectory to becoming impactful employees and leaders in the sport industry. The purpose of this sequential mixed-methods study was to cultivate a better understanding of the development that occurs for students as they progress through an internship program, whether it be personal or professional. Internship outcomes related to personal and professional development alike occurred (e.g., personal maturing and growth, networking, and strategic reflection & change of mindset) and had an array of impacts on the outcomes of the study. Notably, contributing to the Experiential Learning Theory, the data outlined that no programmatic structures are in place to strategically build and/or assess students’ personal development; rather, personal development seemed to occur organically for certain participants in this study. Similarly, participants highlighted that soft skills were discussed as important by participants, but not necessarily explicitly addressed in their internship experience. The distinctive context and nature of COVID-19, embedded throughout these findings, provides a unique lens into the necessity of the abstract conceptualization and active experimentation phases of the Experiential Learning Cycle. The findings herein have important practical and theoretical implications for both sport management educators and internship supervisors in sport.
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Argument against allowing the church to get more land and put taxes on the people living in them; More on the Provincial Union bill; Damages of the fire in Kingston; Brock’s monument blown up; List of boats on the Welland Canal and the rate of tolls;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Letters on how many British armed vessels have been on the lakes above Detroit; Many articles on the U.S.-Canada border issue; British governor General of India declares war against China; Fire in Kingston; “Great Meeting of Coloured People”, with resolutions on slavery in the U.S. and segregation & discrimination in Canada;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); U.S.- Canada border issue continues to escalate, defenses are constructed; Various articles on good taste and lifestyle;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Letter from Lord John Russel against the ‘responsible government’ movement; Updates on the Clergy Reserve and Provincial Union bills; Article arguing that trade cannot be limited by the Chinese government; Various articles on currencies and counterfeits in Canada; Meetings of the Especial District and the Loyal Orange Institution;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Updates from the Parliament of Upper Canada, including a debate on the food trade with the U.S., and on the timber trade; “The Probabilities of War”, on the U.S.-Canada border issue;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Image of Queen Victoria before marriage, with an account of the wedding; “Warlike Movement in the British Provinces”, regarding more of the Maine-New Brunswick border issue; Various articles on recent matters, such as Temperance reform in Ireland, a meteor in Bermuda, dungeons found in New Orleans;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Further discussion of responsible government and various articles on political moves made regarding it; Racist articles on using bloodhounds to kill Native Americans in Florida; Investigations into the causes of steamboat explosions, especially the Lexington; Further discussion of responsible government; Details on a recent performance by the St Catharines Amateur Theater group; Short story “The Old English Squire”;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Editorial discussion regarding the Clergy Reserve bill and other’s opinions regarding that bill; Many counterfeited copper coins in circulation; Update on issues with Upper Canada college funds; Various articles on health and lifestyle;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Updates from the Parliament of Upper Canada, including a prorogation and a related speech from the Governor General; George Keim asks the U.S. president to pardon Mackenzie; Editorial on responsible government and the Gov. Gen.’s speech; “Chronicles of Canada, part Fifth”, with more letters from Robert Gourley to various government figures regarding the trial of Andrew Muir; Charles Green proposes to cross the Atlantic in a hot-air balloon;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Updates from the Parliament of Upper Canada, mainly concerning fines levied against non-citizens and certain religious groups; A summary of a series of letters between the British Minister and the U.S. Secretary of State regarding the Canada- U.S. border issue; Level of business on the Oswego canal; “Chronicles of Canada, Part Fourth”, on various township meetings regarding a Constitution for Canada;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Address from the Upper Canada parliament regarding the union of the provinces to the Queen; British army posts have been put up along contested Canada-U.S. border, causing heightened tensions; Bill Johnston convicted; More on the sinking of the Lexington and the survivors; ”War between the Chinese and the English”, on tensions at Canton; St Catharines amateur theater going well; “Chronicles of Canada, Part Second”
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); The steamboat Lexington sinks; Slaves on the Amistad will likely be sent home; Patriots arrested; Clergy reserves bill continues through parliament; Resolutions from the Township of Grimsby meeting, generally regarding the union of the provinces; Editorial on ‘religions instruction’ and the clergy reserves; “Chronicles on Canada, Part First”, with letters from Robert Gourley to Francis Head and other significant figures;
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St. Catharines JournalDescription of various items for sale (property lots, ads for other goods and services); Updates from the Parliament of Upper Canada, including a bill for the disposal of the Clergy Reserves; Editorial on religious equality; Various articles on useful tools and inventions;
