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dc.contributor.authorGeniole, Shawn N.
dc.contributor.authorKeyes, Amanda E.
dc.contributor.authorMondloch, Catherine J.
dc.contributor.authorCarre, Justin M.
dc.contributor.authorMcCormick, Cheryl M.
dc.date.accessioned2013-10-15T17:55:43Z
dc.date.available2013-10-15T17:55:43Z
dc.date.issued2012-01-20
dc.identifier.citationGeniole SN, Keyes AE, Mondloch CJ, Carre´ JM, McCormick CM (2012) Facing Aggression: Cues Differ for Female versus Male Faces. PLoS ONE 7(1): e30366. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030366en_US
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10464/5068
dc.description.abstractThe facial width-to-height ratio (face ratio), is a sexually dimorphic metric associated with actual aggression in men and with observers’ judgements of aggression in male faces. Here, we sought to determine if observers’ judgements of aggression were associated with the face ratio in female faces. In three studies, participants rated photographs of female and male faces on aggression, femininity, masculinity, attractiveness, and nurturing. In Studies 1 and 2, for female and male faces, judgements of aggression were associated with the face ratio even when other cues in the face related to masculinity were controlled statistically. Nevertheless, correlations between the face ratio and judgements of aggression were smaller for female than for male faces (F1,36= 7.43, p= 0.01). In Study 1, there was no significant relationship between judgements of femininity and of aggression in female faces. In Study 2, the association between judgements of masculinity and aggression was weaker in female faces than for male faces in Study 1. The weaker association in female faces may be because aggression and masculinity are stereotypically male traits. Thus, in Study 3, observers rated faces on nurturing (a stereotypically female trait) and on femininity. Judgements of nurturing were associated with femininity (positively) and masculinity (negatively) ratings in both female and male faces. In summary, the perception of aggression differs in female versus male faces. The sex difference was not simply because aggression is a gendered construct; the relationships between masculinity/femininity and nurturing were similar for male and female faces even though nurturing is also a gendered construct. Masculinity and femininity ratings are not associated with aggression ratings nor with the face ratio for female faces. In contrast, all four variables are highly inter-correlated in male faces, likely because these cues in male faces serve as ‘‘honest signals’’.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant Number 210-2009-0487 to Dr. McCormick. http://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPloSen_US
dc.titleFacing Aggression: Cues Differ for Female versus Male Facesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
refterms.dateFOA2021-08-07T02:08:04Z


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