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    Supraphysiological Oxygen Levels in Mammalian Cell Culture: Current State and Future Perspectives

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    Author
    Alva, Ricardo
    Gardner, Georgina L.
    Liang, Ping
    Stuart, Jeffrey A.
    Keyword
    ROS
    Drug response
    Gene expression
    Hyperoxia
    Metabolism
    Mitochondrial dynamics
    Oxidative stress
    Oxygen
    Physioxia
    Senescence
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10464/16871
    Abstract
    Most conventional incubators used in cell culture do not regulate O2 levels, making the headspace O2 concentration ~18%. In contrast, most human tissues are exposed to 2-6% O2 (physioxia) in vivo. Accumulating evidence has shown that such hyperoxic conditions in standard cell culture practices affect a variety of biological processes. In this review, we discuss how supraphysiological O2 levels affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and redox homeostasis, gene expression, replicative lifespan, cellular respiration, and mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, we present evidence demonstrating how hyperoxic cell culture conditions fail to recapitulate the physiological and pathological behavior of tissues in vivo, including cases of how O2 alters the cellular response to drugs, hormones, and toxicants. We conclude that maintaining physioxia in cell culture is imperative in order to better replicate in vivo-like tissue physiology and pathology, and to avoid artifacts in research involving cell culture.
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/cells11193123
    Scopus Count
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    Biological Sciences

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