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Brock University Digital Repository
Brock University’s Digital Repository is an online archive showcasing and preserving the Brock community’s scholarly output as well as items from the Library’s Archives & Special Collections. Researchers can disseminate their work by depositing it in this Open Access repository, which provides free, immediate access to users while also allowing Brock scholars to track downloads and views of their scholarship. The Digital Repository is also the home of the Brock University E-Thesis Portal.
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The Experience of Iranian Women Inter-University Athletes with a Focus on Gender in SportThis research explores the experiences of Iranian women athletes in inter-university sports, with a particular focus on gender. Utilizing a descriptive, narratively informed approach and the concept of the gender regime, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the gendered experiences of these athletes. The research addresses two primary questions: (1) What are the lived experiences of Iranian women athletes in inter-university sport? and (2) How do these athletes explore and navigate barriers, supports, and points of resistance in their sporting lives? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six current women student-athletes from Azad University, and thematic, narrative-informed analysis was used to analyze the data. This method enabled the identification of key themes within and across the participants' stories, highlighting their unique challenges and achievements. The study identified three major themes: Barriers, Norms, and Discrepancies; Resistance, Solidarity, and Support; and Personal Growth and Development. These themes reflect the experiences of Iranian women athletes in university sports, revealing the challenges they face due to inadequate facilities, cultural restrictions, and gender inequality, their acts of defiance and support systems that empower them, and the personal growth that arises from navigating these obstacles. Together, these themes provide a clear picture of the many struggles and successes of women athletes in a sports environment shaped by gender. Despite facing significant barriers, these athletes demonstrate resilience and adaptability, leveraging support networks and personal determination to pursue their athletic goals. The findings emphasize the importance of supportive environments and inclusive policies in promoting gender equity in sports. This research contributes to the broader discourse on gender and sport by providing valuable insights into the specific cultural and contextual factors affecting women athletes in Iran. It underscores the need for further comparative studies in different Muslim-majority countries to explore how varying cultural contexts influence women's experiences in sports. By addressing the unique challenges faced by women athletes in different regions, future research can inform policies and practices that enhance gender equity in sports globally.
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The Press, Volume 23, Issue 23, April 2, 1987The Press, Volume 23, Issue 23 includes: Brock Ambassadors; Vedova Wins Big; Dire Effects; BUSAC Defended; Bishop in Town; More than just a Beer; Crisis in South Africa; Dear Mr. Henley; Sovereignty or Assimulation.
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The Press, Volume 23, Issue 22, March 26, 1987The Press, Volume 23, Issue 22 includes: Art or Trash?; CAUT Changes; DES Effects; Depressed?; Toxic Trouble; Science for Peace; Just say no.
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The Press, Volume 23, Issue 21, March 19, 1987The Press, Volume 23, Issue 21 includes: There will be an increase of $14.7 million or 11.5% of the 1986-87 University operating grant.
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Examining the effects of implicit and internalized weight bias on physical activity participation for women in larger bodiesWeight stigma represents discrimination associated with the social beliefs that people in larger bodies have low willpower, are unmotivated, and are personally responsible for their elevated weight. Internalized weight stigma is the extent to which social perceptions of weight stigma are attributed to the self by people in larger bodies. Dual process models may be uniquely situated to help us understand how weight stigma becomes internalized and whether this impacts (physical activity) PA participation. Within dual process models two systems regulate how we think; the associative system reflects automatic associations and feelings, whereas the propositional system represents deliberate and controlled reasoning. Past research has examined social perceptions of explicit weight stigma alongside implicit measures, rather than examining the internalized form of weight bias. The purpose of this study was to examine whether implicit weight bias (an associative process) and internalized weight bias (a propositional process) are significantly associated with the expectation of experiencing weight stigma, self-regulatory efficacy, the tendency to avoid PA, PA intention, and PA. All eligible participants (n = 154) were over 18, self identified as a woman, had a BMI over 25 and self-identified as a person living in a larger body. Implicit weight bias was measured using a single category Implicit Association Test, while the other study variables were measured using validated survey measures. We conducted a series of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, entering covariates in step 1, implicit weight bias in step 2, and internalized weight bias in step 3. In step 3, both implicit and internalized weight bias were significantly associated with self-regulatory efficacy (p <.001, r2 = .183) and light past PA (p < .05, r2 = .065). Contrarily, the expectation of experiencing weight stigma (p <.05, r2 =.120) and the tendency to avoid PA (p <.001, r2 = .297) were both significantly associated with implicit weight bias in step 2. However, once internalised weight bias was added into the equation in step 3, the implicit association became not significant. No relationship was observed between PA intention, implicit weight bias and internalized weight bias. Similarly, there was no relationship observed between moderate to vigorous physical activity, implicit weight bias and internalized weight bias (p > .05). Implicit weight bias and explicitly measured internalized weight bias were associated with psychological cognitions that may deter PA. They seemed to be more strongly related to cognitions than behaviours, which might suggest that they have indirect relationships with PA. Examining both implicit and internalized weight bias together, through a dual process lens provided insight into the nuanced relationship that people in larger bodies have with PA participation. Future health promotion strategies should consider these findings and must work to shift away from their weight centric approach that may exacerbate internalized weight bias and instead, adopt a more weight-neutral approach towards PA participation.